School of Graduate Studieshttp://hdl.handle.net/10311/19612024-03-28T16:38:47Z2024-03-28T16:38:47ZModelling factors influencing the co-existance of pastoralists and carviwores around Botswana Makgadikgadi / Nxai Pans national parkEnock, Nkobihttp://hdl.handle.net/10311/23732022-04-22T00:02:07Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZModelling factors influencing the co-existance of pastoralists and carviwores around Botswana Makgadikgadi / Nxai Pans national park
Enock, Nkobi
Pastoralists and carnivores conflict is a major conservation and rural livelihood challenge given the high rate at which carnivores population decline and the high rate at which livestock is being depredated. The study aimed at determining the rate of livestock predation with respect to land use management, livestock management, and interaction of wild animals and livestock around Makgadikgadi/ Nxai Pans National Park to model factors influencing their co-existence. The study mostly followed quantitative approach even though a mixed method (a combination of quantitative and qualitative approach) using data from a survey questionnaire in appendix 1for
primary data, and the Human Carnivore Conflicts (HCC) 2008-2012 Problem Animals Control (PAC) records in appendix 2 and the 1996-2013 DWNP biomass aerial surveys in appendix 3 as secondary data. A purposive sampling method was used to locate Gweta and Tsokatshaa villages sharing the border with Makgadikgadi Pans National Park to be areas of the questionnaire respondents. With the use of a snow ball process households of pastoralists with cattle posts in Tsokatshaa, Gweta North and Gweta South were identified. Data were analyzed using correlation, linear regression, log linear analysis, micro soft excel and ArcGIS 10.1 since they were from different sources and have to be presented in different formats. The results from the questionnaire show that 1 of respondents to the questionnaire used land only for livestock production, and 98% definitely familiar with the concept of human wildlife conflicts and identified livestock predation as the main cause of livestock loss in their cattle posts. Pastoralists whose land of production is more than 21 km from the park and land only for livestock production experienced lower rates of predation compared to those land of production is less than 10 kilometers from the park and use their land for both livestock and crop production. The high frequency of stay in production land that is only for livestock production also lowered the rate of livestock predation.
PAC data showed an increase of predation rate from 2008 to 2010 with most preyed livestock being cattle constituting 59% of the total preyed livestock. Pastoralists experienced higher livestock predation where livestock population were higher than wild prey ( p 0.053 0.05 ), where the population livestock population was higher than wild prey population and livestock and wild prey interacted frequently, and the availability of carnivores‘ is high. This is supported by the analysis of Department of Wildlife and Nation Parks (DWNP) aerial surveys 1996-2013 that shows both wild dogs, leopards and lions natural prey are far less than the corresponding
livestock biomass as predation is density dependent (Okello, Kirinnge, & Warinwa, 2014). High predation was also experienced where there are many species of carnivores are found and many livestock species are preyed. Pastoralist owning high the number and species livestock experienced high livestock predation ( p < 0.05) showing that minimizing the number and species owned can reduce predation. Herding and kraaling were identified to reduce the predation rates of cattle, goats, horses and donkeys supporting that reducing availability of livestock through effective livestock husbandry should lead to reduced conflict (Valeix, Hemson, Loveridge, & Macdonald, 2012). Calving and watch dogs showed significance in reducing cattle and goats predation respective.
To promote good pastoralists and carnivores‘ co-existence pastoralists should use land far from the park, stay in their land of production and use it only for one purpose. The population and interaction livestock and wild life should be controlled to minimize predation in the area. The number and species of livestock should be minimized, and practicing herding, kraaling, calving and using watch dogs to prevent predation in the area hence promoting the co-existence of pastoralists and carnivores.
A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, University of Botswana in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Masters in Development Practice. Citation: Enock, N. (2019) Modelling factors influencing the co-existence of pastoralists and carnivores around Botswana Makgadikgadi / Nxai Pans national park, University of Botswana.
2019-01-01T00:00:00Z2018 Proceedings of the SADC international on postgraduate research for sustainable developmentAnderson, George O. ProfMoalafi, Ditiro B. DrSheikh, Sajid M. DrNgebani, Ibo M. DrGandure, Jerekias ProfMathangwane, Joyce T. Profhttp://hdl.handle.net/10311/19642019-09-18T00:00:43Z2019-07-22T00:00:00Z2018 Proceedings of the SADC international on postgraduate research for sustainable development
Anderson, George O. Prof; Moalafi, Ditiro B. Dr; Sheikh, Sajid M. Dr; Ngebani, Ibo M. Dr; Gandure, Jerekias Prof; Mathangwane, Joyce T. Prof
Achieving sustainable development requires the human resource with the right sustainability knowledge and skills to respond to the challenges facing our world today. Governments, communities and businesses are tackling the practical challenges that come with creating a sustainable future. Innovation is a big part of overcoming these challenges, thinking differently and finding new ways to reconcile the needs of people and businesses with those of our environment. Sustainable development is now a mainstream agenda, with implications for every area of society. These areas include industry that ensures that sustainability informs every aspect of its operations, from the environmental and social impacts of product design, manufacturing, logistics, and waste management, to communicating with shareholders, the workforce and consumers; governments and policy makers who create the frameworks of innovation that ensures pro-sustainability changes; and Individuals who make better choices about things like food sourcing and waste, energy use, transport and buying goods and services.
Academic institutions are argued to play a key role in educating future generations with the right sustainability knowledge and skills. The SADC International Conference on Postgraduate Research for Sustainable Development has been organized to provide a platform for academics, industry experts, policy makers and all other stakeholders to share and debate on issues that relate to enhancing postgraduate research for sustainable development.
The SADC International Conference in Post Graduate Research for sustainable development has been organized with the goal to provide the platform for academic industry expects, policy makers and all other stakeholders to share and debate on issues that relate to enhancing postgraduate research for sustainable development with respect to best practice relevant to countries in Southern African Development Communities and to integrate and coordinate initiatives in graduate research.
2019-07-22T00:00:00Z